{
  "family": "bank",
  "sample_count": 2,
  "category": "ransomware",
  "description": "Trojan:Win32/Bank (or generic 'Banker' detections) is a broad classification for highly sophisticated malware designed specifically to steal financial credentials, intercept two-factor authentication (2FA), and facilitate fraudulent wire transfers. This category includes notorious families like Zeus, Trickbot, Dridex, and IcedID. Beyond credential theft, these trojans serve as premium Initial Access Brokers (IABs), frequently selling their access to enterprise networks directly to ransomware cartels (`T1111`).<br><br><b>Understanding Bank Trojans</b><br>To an end-user, the infection is designed to be invisible. They may log into their bank normally, unaware that the Trojan is manipulating the web page in real-time. For a SOC, a Banking Trojan infection is a critical, Tier-1 incident. If a Banking Trojan is present on a corporate network, a major ransomware deployment is often imminent.<br><br><b>Execution and Fraud Mechanics</b><br>Distribution relies heavily on massive spear-phishing campaigns (`T1566.001`) using weaponized macros or ISO files. Once executing, the Trojan establishes deep persistence and injects its core modules into web browser processes (`T1055`). It uses 'Man-in-the-Browser' (MitB) techniques (`T1111`): when the user navigates to a targeted banking site, the trojan intercepts the traffic and injects fake HTML forms (asking for OTPs or credit card numbers) into the legitimate banking page. Advanced variants utilize hidden VNC modules (`T1071.001`), allowing the attacker to initiate fraudulent transfers directly from the victim's machine, bypassing geographic and device-fingerprinting fraud controls.<br><br><b>Indicators of Compromise & Impact</b><br>The impact is direct financial theft and extreme risk of follow-on ransomware. Host-based IoCs include EDR alerts for process hollowing (especially targeting `explorer.exe` or `svchost.exe`), unauthorized API hooking in browser processes (Chrome, Edge, Firefox), and the presence of encrypted configuration files in `%AppData%`. Network IoCs include encrypted beaconing to C2 infrastructure and the download of dynamic web-inject configuration files.",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [],
  "faq_count": 0,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1055",
    "T1111",
    "T1566.001",
    "T1056.001"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-06-09",
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1111",
      "name": "Two-Factor Authentication Interception (Using Man-in-the-Browser web injects to steal OTPs)",
      "tactic": "Credential Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1056.001",
      "name": "Input Capture: Keylogging (Capturing credentials during login)",
      "tactic": "Credential Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1055",
      "name": "Process Injection (Injecting into web browsers to monitor traffic)",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1566.001",
      "name": "Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (Primary delivery mechanism)",
      "tactic": "Initial Access"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Isolate the infected endpoint IMMEDIATELY. Banking trojans are a primary precursor to enterprise ransomware deployment.",
    "Initiate a forced password reset for ALL accounts accessed from the infected machine, especially corporate banking and VPN credentials.",
    "Capture a live memory image (RAM dump) to extract the decrypted banking trojan modules, C2 lists, and targeted bank inject configurations.",
    "Notify the organization's financial institution to place holds or monitoring on accounts that may have been compromised."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not allow the user to log into ANY accounts while the machine is connected to the network, as the Man-in-the-Browser capability is active.",
    "Avoid treating this as a minor malware infection; the presence of a banking trojan indicates a severe, high-tier compromise."
  ],
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ]
}