{
  "family": "napolar",
  "sample_count": 2,
  "category": "trojan",
  "description": "Trojan:Win32/Napolar (also widely tracked as Solarbot) is a highly sophisticated banking trojan and botnet client that gained prominence around 2013. It is designed to establish deep persistence, steal financial credentials via web-injects (`T1185`), launch Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and function as a modular platform for downloading additional payloads. Its sophisticated evasion techniques made it highly effective against traditional antivirus solutions.<br><br><b>Understanding Napolar (Advanced Botnets)</b><br>To an end-user, a Napolar infection is entirely invisible. For a security operations center (SOC), it is a critical threat indicating a complete loss of endpoint integrity. Napolar isn't just a credential stealer; it effectively turns the compromised host into a node in a global cybercriminal infrastructure, capable of launching attacks against third parties.<br><br><b>Execution and Evasion Mechanics</b><br>Napolar was distributed via exploit kits (like Blackhole) or malspam (`T1566.001`). Its defining characteristic is its aggressive defense evasion. Upon execution, it performs deep process injection (`T1055`), often utilizing advanced API unhooking techniques to bypass user-land EDR sensors. It injects into `explorer.exe` and web browser processes (Chrome, Firefox, IE). Once hooked into the browser, it performs form-grabbing and web-injects (`T1185`) to steal banking credentials as they are typed. It communicates with a Tor-hosted C2 server or uses DGA (Domain Generation Algorithms) (`T1568.002`) to receive commands, which may include downloading massive executable files to participate in HTTP/UDP flood DDoS attacks (`T1498`).<br><br><b>Indicators of Compromise & Impact</b><br>The primary impact is the catastrophic theft of financial data and the endpoint being co-opted for DDoS operations. Host-based IoCs are subtle due to advanced injection, but memory analysis will reveal unsigned DLLs loaded into core system processes. EDR may catch anomalous API unhooking attempts. Network IoCs include the browser processes making unexpected connections to Tor exit nodes (if not configured to do so) or massive, sudden spikes in outbound UDP traffic indicative of a DDoS attack.",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [],
  "faq_count": 0,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1568.002",
    "T1185",
    "T1498",
    "T1055"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-06-09",
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1185",
      "name": "Browser Session Hijacking (Web-injects for credential theft)",
      "tactic": "Collection"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1055",
      "name": "Process Injection (Advanced injection and API unhooking)",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1498",
      "name": "Network Denial of Service (Participating in botnet DDoS attacks)",
      "tactic": "Impact"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1568.002",
      "name": "Dynamic Resolution: Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA for C2 resilience)",
      "tactic": "Command and Control"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Immediately isolate the compromised endpoint; a Napolar infection means the host is actively controlled by an advanced threat actor.",
    "Do not attempt manual cleanup; the deep API hooks require a complete forensic wipe and operating system reinstallation.",
    "Contact affected financial institutions to freeze accounts and reverse transactions, assuming all banking credentials have been compromised.",
    "Analyze DNS logs for DGA-like requests to identify other potentially infected nodes on the enterprise network."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not trust the integrity of a system after a Napolar infection; its API unhooking capabilities render local AV scans unreliable.",
    "Avoid relying solely on static IP blocking for the C2; the botnet utilizes DGA and Tor to maintain connectivity."
  ],
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ]
}